A data breach is a cybersecurity incident that exposes personal information, such as names and Social Security numbers. It can happen when hackers gain access to an organization’s network and steal that data, or when employees accidentally disclose or lose it. Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities to access sensitive information or use data for blackmail, cyberpropaganda, or other malicious purposes. Preventing breaches requires careful monitoring and secure onboarding, offboarding, and access management.
The first step is research: Hackers look for the type of hardware and software used, how much a company spends on security, and other potential entry points. Then they scan systems and networks for weaknesses, enumerating devices, accounts, and open ports. Once they find a vulnerability, they can upload malware or take over systems, servers, or devices to breach the system and download data.
Companies need to be prepared for the consequences of a data breach, including legal action, fines, customer remediation, and loss of reputation. They should also consult with law enforcement officials to ensure their response doesn’t impede an investigation. In addition, they should notify people whose information has been compromised, unless a law doesn’t require them to do so.
Notifying consumers can help prevent identity theft. For example, if thieves obtain a person’s name and Social Security number, they can use that information to sign up for credit cards, purchase products, and open bank accounts in that person’s name. It can also be used to commit tax fraud and file a fraudulent return. To minimize damage, companies should consider recommending that affected individuals contact the major credit bureaus to request fraud alerts and credit freezes.